Lucille ball on desi arnaz death

Cuban-American musician, actor, producer leading television studio head (1917–1986)

For authority son, see Desi Arnaz Jr.

In this Spanish name, the have control over or paternal surname is Arnaz and the second or maternal kinfolk name is de Acha.

Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III (March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986), known tempt Desi Arnaz, was a Cuban-American actor, musician, producer, and bandleader.^[1] He played Ricky Ricardo steadfastness the American television sitcom I Love Lucy, in which of course co-starred with his wife Lucille Ball.^[1] Arnaz and Ball update credited as the innovators realize the syndicatedrerun, which they pioneered with the I Love Lucy series.^[2]

Arnaz and Lucille Ball co-founded and ran the television arrange company Desilu Productions, originally closely market I Love Lucy agreement television networks.

After I Like Lucy ended, Arnaz went keep order to produce several other persuade series, at first with Desilu Productions, and later independently, counting The Ann Sothern Show stake The Untouchables. He was further the bandleader of his Traditional group, the Desi Arnaz Bind. He was known for interpretation conga drums and popularized righteousness conga line in the Leagued States.

Early life

Arnaz was born hold Santiago de Cuba, Cuba,^[1] to hand Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y effort Alberni II (March 8, 1894 – May 31, 1973) opinion Dolores "Lolita" de Acha aslant de Socias (April 2, 1896 – October 24, 1988).

Fillet father was Santiago's youngest politician and also served in leadership Cuban House of Representatives. Government maternal grandfather was Alberto swallow Acha, an executive at deviant producer Bacardi & Co.^[4][5]

A child of Cuban nobility, Arnaz was a great-great-great-grandson of José Joaquín, a mayor of Santiago give in Cuba.

The Cuban Revolution prepare 1933 forced Arnaz and climax family to lose everything direct flee Cuba. A mob faked and destroyed the family's housing, property, and livestock.^[6][7] Arnaz searchingly escaped the attack because inaccuracy was able to hop plod a car driving away. Ruler father, Alberto Arnaz, was captive and all of his chattels was confiscated.

He was unbound after six months when consummate father-in-law, Alberto de Acha, intervened on his behalf.^[5]

The family proof fled to Miami, where Desi attended high school; his classmates included Albert 'Sonny' Capone, exclusive child of Chicago mobster Involuntary Capone. Arnaz' family came dealings the U.S.

with no strapped for cash and he had to stick up for with his father in ingenious garage that was infested expound rats and roaches.^[6] In interpretation summer of 1934, he phony Saint Leo Prep^[8] (near Tampa) to improve his English. Authority first jobs included working infuriated Woolworth's and cleaning canary cages in Miami.

He then went into the tile business deal with his father before turning nearly show business full time.^[6]

Professional career

Musician and actor

After finishing high grammar, Arnaz joined a band, influence Siboney Septet,^[9] and began construction a name for himself bay Miami.

Xavier Cugat, after sightedness Arnaz perform, hired him be thinking of his touring orchestra, playing leadership conga drum and singing. Fetching a star attraction encouraged him to start his own come together, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra.^[6][4]

Arnaz famous his orchestra became a delivery in New York City's baton scene, including a club styled La Conga, where he equitable credited with introducing the thought of conga line dancing total the United States.

He came problem the attention of Rodgers careful Hart who, in 1939, hallmark him in their Broadway euphonic Too Many Girls.

The trade show was a hit and RKO Pictures bought the movie rights.^[6]

Arnaz went to Hollywood the take forward year to appear in justness show's movie version at RKO, which also starred Lucille Quick-witted. Arnaz and Ball fell cloudless love during the film's preparation and eloped on November 30, 1940.^[6]

Arnaz appeared in several flicks in the 1940s such thanks to Bataan, starring Robert Taylor (1943).

His portrayal of Felix Ramirez, the jive-loving California National Guardsman, was described by New Royalty Times critic Bosley Crowther type one of several supporting designate who were "convincing in warrior roles".^[10]

Military service

On April 27, 1943, Arnaz received his draft recognize.

However, Arnaz was disqualified strange overseas service due to hypertension and knee injuries, which caused him pain with prolonged bodily exertion, according to his belligerent physical examination.^[11] He had be sore his left knee prior prefer his enlistment and injured wreath right knee soon after achievement on May 23, 1943, near a baseball game at Bivouac Arlington.

He completed his draft training, but was classified sponsor limited service in the Combined States Army during World Combat II.

He was assigned simulate direct United Service Organization (USO) programs at the Birmingham Popular Army Hospital in the San Fernando Valley. It was consummate responsibility to keep injured men entertained while they recovered straighten out the hospital.

Thanks to jurisdiction Hollywood connections, Arnaz was amateur to bring celebrities to go the hospital and boost one`s own image of the soldiers.^[12] For specimen, upon discovering the first cult the wounded soldiers requested was a glass of cold abuse, he arranged for movie starlets to meet them and eruption the milk for them.

Arnaz served two years, seven months and four days. His chief unit was the 9th Rent out Command, Army Service Forces. Expose his service during World Conflict II, he was awarded description Army Good Conduct Medal, description American Campaign Medal, and excellence World War II Victory Colours.

Arnaz was discharged as ingenious staff sergeant on September 30, 1945.

Career post-military

On December 1, 1945, Arnaz formed another team up, which was successful in viable appearances and recordings.^[13] He chant for troops in Birmingham Dispensary with John Macchia and chartered his childhood friend Marco Rizo to play piano and opinion for the orchestra.

For character 1946–47 season, Arnaz was rendering bandleader, conducting his Desi Arnaz Orchestra, on Bob Hope's transistor show (The Pepsodent Show) subtext NBC.^[14]

In 1951, Arnaz was inclined a game show on CBS Radio, Your Tropical Trip grant entice Arnaz and Ball observe stay at CBS over exceptional competing offer from NBC, add-on to keep Arnaz and potentate band employed and in Screenland, rather than touring.

The sweet-sounding game show, hosted by Arnaz and featuring Arnaz's orchestra, abstruse audience members competing for put in order Caribbean vacation. The program airy from January 1951 until Sept, shortly before the premiere bring in I Love Lucy in October.^[15]

When he became successful staging television, he kept the league together on his payroll, and Rizo arranged and orchestrated the song for I Love Lucy.^[16]

I Attachment Lucy

Main article: I Love Lucy

On October 15, 1951, Arnaz co-starred in the premiere of I Love Lucy, in which prohibited played a fictionalized version clench himself, Cuban orchestra leader Enrique "Ricky" Ricardo.

His co-star was his real-life wife, Lucille Brusque, who played Ricky's wife, Lucy. Television executives had been defeat Ball to adapt her bargain popular radio series My Dearie Husband for television. Ball insisted on Arnaz playing her on-air spouse so the two would be able to spend make more complicated time together. CBS wanted Ball's Husband co-star Richard Denning.^[17]

The latest premise was for the combine to portray Lucy and Larry Lopez, a successful show enterprise couple whose glamorous careers interfered with their efforts to keep up a normal marriage.

Market exploration indicated, however, that this section would not be popular, and over Jess Oppenheimer changed it concord make Ricky Ricardo a desperate young orchestra leader and Lucy an ordinary housewife who abstruse show business fantasies but ham-fisted talent.^{[citation needed]} The character label "Larry Lopez" was dropped on account of of a real-life bandleader called Vincent Lopez, and was replaced with "Ricky Ricardo".

The designation was inspired by Henry Richard, a family friend and integrity brother of P.C. Richard exercise P.C. Richard & Son. That name translates to Enrique Economist. Ricky often appeared at, endure later owned, the Tropicana Billy, which under his ownership powder renamed Club Babalu.^{[citation needed]}

Initially, honesty idea of having Ball contemporary the distinctly Latin American Arnaz portray a married couple encountered resistance as they were consider that Desi's Cuban accent current Latin style would not accredit agreeable to American viewers.^[18] Honesty couple overcame these objections, notwithstanding, by touring together, during loftiness summer of 1950, in unadulterated live vaudeville act they handsome with the help of Country clown Pepito Pérez, together lay into Ball's radio show writers.

Some of the material from their vaudeville act, including Lucy's remarkable seal routine, was used compel the pilot episode of I Love Lucy. Segments of integrity pilot were recreated in rank sixth episode of the show's first season. During his previous on the show, Arnaz person in charge Ball became TV's most in effect entrepreneurs.

Desilu Productions

Main article: Desilu Productions

With Ball, Arnaz founded Desilu Productions in 1950, initially protect produce the vaudeville-style touring stick your oar in that led to I Adoration Lucy. At that time, ceiling television programs were broadcast existent, and as the largest delis were in New York, significance rest of the country everyday only kinescope images.

Karl Freund, Arnaz's cameraman, and even Arnaz himself have been credited connote the development of the multiple-camera setup production style using local sets in front of keen live audience that became dignity standard for subsequent situation comedies. The use of film enabled every station around the express to broadcast high-quality images selected the show.

Arnaz was oral that it would be improbable to allow an audience go to a sound stage, but dirt worked with Freund to establish a set that would adapt an audience, allow filming, refuse adhere to fire and shelter codes.^{[citation needed]} Due to primacy expense of 35mm film, Arnaz and Ball agreed to pledge serious cuts.

In return, they set aside the rights to the flicks. This was the basis round out their invention of re-runs plus syndicating TV shows (a enormous source of new revenue).^[19]

In inclusion to I Love Lucy, why not? executive produced The Ann Sothern Show and Those Whiting Girls (starring Margaret Whiting and Barbara Whiting), and was involved imprison several other series such in the same way The Untouchables, Whirlybirds, and Sheriff of Cochise / United States Marshal.

While he was play The Untouchables, Arnaz was at a guess the target of a tantamount to murder plot, which was afterwards called off, due to representation show's negative publicity of gangland. These allegations were made neat the 1980s by Jimmy Fratianno in his book, The Grasp Mafioso, although they were unwelcome by Arnaz.^[20] He also be communicated the feature film Forever, Darling (1956), in which he take Ball starred.

The original Desilu company continued long after Arnaz's divorce from Ball and coffee break subsequent marriage to Gary Jazzman. Desilu continued to produce disloyalty own programs in addition round providing facilities to other producers. In 1962, Arnaz sold cap share of Desilu to Shrill and formed his own fabrication company after their divorce.

Junk the newly formed Desi Arnaz Productions, he made The Mothers-In-Law (at Desilu) for United Artists Television and NBC. This sitcom ran for two seasons depart from 1967 to 1969. During lying two-year run, Arnaz made quartet guest appearances as a Romance matador, Señor Delgado.

Arnaz's band was succeeded-in-interest by the group now known as Desilu, Besides.

Desilu, Too and Lucille Abrupt Productions worked hand-in-hand with MPI Home Video in the heartless video reissues of the Ball/Arnaz material not owned by CBS (successor-in-interest to Paramount Television, which in turn succeeded the another Desilu company). This material star Here's Lucy and The Mothers-In-Law, as well as many programs and specials Ball and Arnaz made independently of each other.^[21]

Later career

In the 1970s, Arnaz co-hosted a week of shows liven up daytime host and producer Microphone Douglas.

Vivian Vance appeared restructuring a guest.^[22] Arnaz also headlined a Kraft Music Hall festive on NBC that featured wreath two children, with a transient appearance by Vance. Arnaz greeting a severe attack of diverticulitis in 1971, which required turnout operation and several years outline recovery.^[23] He worked with Public Studios for two years place on development deals for team a few shows that eventually fell make use of, Dr.

Domingo (the character frank appear on one episode state under oath Ironside) and Chairman of interpretation Board starring Elke Sommer.^[24] Arnaz moved on to work concealment his autobiography for two epoch.

To promote his autobiography, A Book, on February 21, 1976, Arnaz served as a customer host on Saturday Night Live, with his son, Desi, Junior, also appearing.^[25] The program self-contained spoofs of I Love Lucy and The Untouchables.^[22] The spoofs of I Love Lucy were supposed to be earlier concepts of the show that not in any degree made it on the drive up, such as "I Love Louie", where Desi lived with Prizefighter Armstrong.

He read Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in a life-size Cuban accent (he pronounced thump "Habberwocky"). Desi Jr., played high-mindedness drums and, supported by picture SNL band, Desi sang both "Babalú" and another favorite proud his dance band days, "Cuban Pete"; the arrangements were strict to the ones used checking account I Love Lucy.

He complete the broadcast by leading integrity entire cast in a conga line through the SNL studio.^[26][27]

In 1976, CBS paid tribute be in breach of Lucille Ball with the two-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: Integrity First 25 Years.^[28] Both Sphere and Arnaz appeared on class screen for the special, which is the first time they appeared together in 16 majority since their divorce.^[29]

When asked rigidity returning to television in out 1976 newspaper article, Arnaz aforesaid, "People ask me to serve back on TV but significance thin' is, it's too hardwearing competing with the Ricky Economist of 20 years ago.

Misstep looks a lot better ahead of I do."^[30] Arnaz made clean guest appearance on the Television series Alice, in 1978 president Linda Lavin and produced unreceptive I Love Lucy co-creators Madelyn Pugh (Madelyn Davis) and Quiver Carroll, Jr.^[31] His last precise role was as Mayor Metropolis Quiñones in the 1982 ep, The Escape Artist.

Arnaz distinguished the Indian Wells Country Club [nl] in Palm Desert, CA. Unwind also taught classes at San Diego State University in bungalow production and acting for compress.

Personal life

Beliefs

Arnaz and Ball undeniable that I Love Lucy would maintain what Arnaz termed "basic good taste" and were hence determined to avoid ethnic coddle, as well as humor homegrown on physical handicaps or all your own disabilities.

Arnaz recalled that loftiness only exception consisted of production fun of Ricky Ricardo's accent; even these jokes worked single when Lucy, as his little woman, did the mimicking.^[4]

Arnaz was swell lifelong Catholic.^[32]

Politics

A lifelong Republican, Arnaz was deeply patriotic about rendering United States.

In his recollections, he wrote that he knew of no other country pride the world where "a sixteen-year-old kid, broke and unable lookout speak the language" could take the successes that he had.^[4] He was a supporter cherished Richard Nixon and member own up the Spanish-Speaking Committee for glory Re-Election of the President hurt 1972.^[33] Nixon appointed Arnaz chimpanzee the U.S.

roving ambassador shabby Latin America in the ill-timed 1970s.^[34] He was a aficionado of Ronald Reagan and strut at campaign rallies, such owing to one hosted by the Formal Republican Hispanic Assembly in 1980.^[35] He was an advocate intend the Hispanic community, encouraging them to take the 1980 vote to increase federal funding bolster their communities.^[36]

Marriages

Arnaz and Lucille Quick-witted were married on November 30, 1940.

Their marriage was invariably turbulent. Convinced that Arnaz was being unfaithful to her, cutting edge with him coming home tipsy several times, Ball filed letch for divorce in September 1944.^[37] Righteousness interlocutory decree became final convoluted October 1944, but because they had spent the night turn out the day before, California return law at the time difficult declared it null and void.^[38] Arnaz and Ball subsequently locked away two children, actors Lucie Arnaz (born 1951) and Desi Arnaz Jr.

(born 1953).

Hollywood panderer of prostitutes Scotty Bowers conjectural in his memoir Full Service that he had procured kind many as two to pair prostitutes per week for Arnaz, each of whom was force to 200 dollars, as opposed face the usual 20. Lucille Quickwitted confronted Bowers about this humbling publicly slapped him in probity face, yelling "You!

Stop pimping for my husband!"^[39]

Arnaz's marriage portend Ball began to collapse do up the strain of his thriving problems with alcohol, gambling, challenging infidelity. According to his life, the combined pressures of directorate the production company, as athletic as supervising its day-to-day transaction, had greatly worsened as rendering company grew much larger, tolerate he felt compelled to sample outlets to alleviate the stress.^{[citation needed]} Arnaz also suffered differ diverticulitis.

Ball divorced him admirer March 2, 1960, which was coincidentally his birthday. When Glob returned to weekly television, she and Arnaz worked out invent agreement regarding Desilu, wherein she bought him out.^[40]

Edith Mack Hirsch (née McSkimming) was Arnaz's on top wife.^[41] After the two ringed on March 2, 1963 (Arnaz's 46th birthday), he greatly summary his show business activities.^[41] Position two were married for 22 years until Edith died depart from cancer on March 23, 1985.^[42]

Although Arnaz and Ball both wed other spouses after their separation in 1960, they remained group and grew closer in tiara final decade.

For Lucy's aspect at the Kennedy Center Honors in 1986, Arnaz had predetermined a statement.^[43] Read by Parliamentarian Stack as a posthumous affidavit, Arnaz wrote, "P.S. I Cherish Lucy was never just first-class title."^[44] Family home video afterward aired on television showed Abrupt and Arnaz playing together dictate their grandson Simon shortly previously Arnaz's death.

Health

Arnaz suffered exaggerate knee injuries as a teenaged man shortly before and at hand his military service in Environment War II. The pain was troublesome enough that he was disqualified from serving overseas. Think it over the late 1960s, he was seriously injured in an projection when the floor collapsed good turn he was impaled by pure tree stump in his domicile in Baja California.

An provide for saved his life, although sovereign health was never the aforementioned after the incident.^[45] Throughout queen life he periodically had come to seek medical treatment for diverticulitis and intestinal issues, sometimes requiring hospitalization.

After his second helpmate Edith's death in 1985, Arnaz was persuaded by his descendants to seek treatment for crown decades-long alcohol addiction, which descendant then had seriously damaged culminate health.

Lucie Arnaz described added pride at attending a violence meeting with her father spin he stood up and articulated "I'm Desi, and I'm doublecross alcoholic".^[46]

Arrests

Arnaz had a few run-ins with the law. He was arrested in 1959 on scheme intoxication charge while he was walking Hollywood Blvd.^[47] In 1966, he was arrested and crammed with assault with a baneful weapon after an altercation zone youth parking in front asset his house.

Two young joe public were allegedly partying nearby current harassing his then-15-year-old daughter Lucie and her friend. Arnaz confronted them, threatened to shoot their tires and cars, and substantiate fired two shots that went into the ground. He exhausted three hours at the San Diego jail and was free on $1,100 bail.^[48][49]

Later life

Desi Arnaz spent his retirement doing activities he enjoyed including sailing fillet yacht (he was a sound yachtsman since childhood), fishing, most important cooking Cuban dishes.^[50] He freely permitted from numerous health issues adjacent in life.

He contributed run into charitable and nonprofit organizations, plus San Diego State University. Without fear was active in politics station made occasional public appearances. Noteworthy was the guest of deify at the Carnival Miami creepy-crawly March 1982 where he unbroken with his children, Lucie elitist Desi Jr., in front be totally convinced by a crowd of 35,000.^[50]

Arnaz was known to be very kind to his grandchildren.

Thoroughbred racing

Arnaz and his second wife at last moved to Del Mar, Calif. where he lived the respite of his life in semi-retirement. He owned a horse-breeding stability in Corona, California and raced Thoroughbreds. The Desi Arnaz Ante at Del Mar Racetrack equitable named in his honor.^[51]

Death

Arnaz was a regular smoker for unwarranted of his life and habitually smoked cigarettes on the submerged of I Love Lucy.^[52] Elegance smoked cigars until he was in his sixties.^[53] Arnaz was diagnosed with lung cancer fit into place 1986 and underwent treatment.

Lucille Ball visited him during that time in the hospital leading the two watched VHS tapes of I Love Lucy.^[46] Sovereignty daughter Lucie was by government side constantly during his closing days.

On November 30, 1986, Ball called him. They talked for a short time disproportionate to Arnaz's state of condition, as he had barely blunt to anyone and had moan eaten for three days.^[54] According to Lucie, her mother modestly said "I love you.

Hysterical love you. Desi, I cherish you," repeating the words finish off the phone.^[54] Arnaz finished influence conversation by answering "I prize you, too, honey. Good calamity with your show."^[54][55] Lucie hadn't realized the solemnity of that last time, not until she checked her diary to make note of the date had been position 46th anniversary of Ball impressive Arnaz's wedding.^[54]

He died two generation later on December 2, 1986, at the age of 69, just 3 years before Lucy's death.

Arnaz was cremated charge his ashes were scattered fight Sea of Cortés in Mexico. Ball was one of situation to attend Arnaz's funeral, which was held at St. Outlaw Roman Catholic Church in San Diego County, California.^[56] His destruction came just five days formerly Lucille Ball received the Airport Center Honors.

His mother outlived him by almost two length of existence.

Legacy

Desi Arnaz has two stars on the Hollywood Walk contribution Fame: one at 6301 Flavor Boulevard for contributions to sense of duty pictures and one at 6250 Hollywood Boulevard for television.^[57] Incompatible his co-stars, Arnaz was conditions nominated for an Emmy pray for his performance in I Affection Lucy; however, as executive processor of the series, he was nominated four times in honourableness Best Situation Comedy category, sugared twice.^[58] In 1956, he won a Golden Globe for Pre-eminent Television Achievement for helping industrial action shape the American Comedy achieve your goal his contributions in front manage and behind the camera donation I Love Lucy.

He was inducted into the Television Academy's Hall of Fame.^[59]

The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center museum is directive Jamestown, New York, and influence Desi Arnaz Bandshell in primacy Lucille Ball Memorial Park job in Celoron, New York.

Desi Arnaz appears as a shepherd in Oscar Hijuelos's 1989 narration The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love and is pictured by his son, Desi Arnaz Jr., in the 1992 coating adaptation, The Mambo Kings.^[60]

Maurice Benard portrayed Desi Arnaz in glory 1991 television film Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter.^[61]

In grandeur 2003 television film Lucy, Desi Arnaz was portrayed by Danny Pino.^[62]

Arnaz was portrayed by Award Nuñez in I Love Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened tussle the Way to the Sitcom, a comedy about how Arnaz and Ball battled to enthusiasm their sitcom on the ozone.

It had its world open in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Sarah Histrion as Lucille Ball and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy creator-producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. Greatness play, written by Jess Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer, was authentic in front of a stand up for audience for nationwide public ghetto-blaster broadcast and online distribution.^[63]BBC Portable radio 4 broadcast a serialized break of the play in influence UK in August 2020, kind LUCY LOVES DESI: A Droll Thing Happened on the Transfer to the Sitcom, starring Wilmer Valderrama as Arnaz and co-starring Anne Heche as Lucille Ball.^[64]

On March 2, 2019, Google distinguished what would have been Arnaz's 102nd birthday with a Msn Doodle.^[65]

Javier Bardem portrayed Arnaz make happen the 2021 biographical film Being the Ricardos written and resolved by Aaron Sorkin and upon by Amazon Studios, alongside Nicole Kidman as Ball.

He was nominated for an Academy Premium for Best Actor.^[66]

Filmography

Soundtracks

• 1940: Too Many Girls (performer: "Spic 'n' Spanish", "You're Nearer", "Conga") ("'Cause We Got Cake")
• 1941: Father Takes a Wife ("Perfidia" (1939), "Mi amor" (1941))
• 1942: Four Jacks and a Jill ("Boogie Woogie Conga" 1941)
• 1946: Desi Arnaz and His Orchestra (performer: "Guadalajara", "Babalu (Babalú)", "Tabu (Tabú)", "Pin Marin") ...

  a.k.a. "Melody Masters: Desi Arnaz and Empress Orchestra" – USA (series title)

• 1949: Holiday in Havana (writer: "Holiday In Havana", "The Arnaz Jam")
• 1956: Forever, Darling (performer: "Forever, Darling" (reprise))
• 1952: I Love Lucy (3 episodes, 1952–1956) ... a.k.a. "Lucy in Connecticut" – USA (rerun title) ...

  a.k.a. "The Stuff b merchandise Lucy Show" – USA (rerun title) ... a.k.a. "The Hold down Ten Lucy Show" – Army (rerun title) – Lucy come to rest Bob Hope (1956) TV event (performer: "Nobody Loves the Ump" (uncredited)) – Ricky's European Of a musician gig (1955) TV episode (performer: "Forever, Darling" (uncredited)) – Cuban Pals (1952) TV episode (performer: "The Lady in Red", "Similau")

• 1958: The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour (1 folio, 1958) ...

  a.k.a. "We Cherish Lucy" – USA (syndication title) – Lucy Wins a Horserace Horse (1958) TV episode (performer: "The Bayamo")

• 2001: I Love Lucy's 50th Anniversary Special (TV) (performer: "California, Here I Come", "Babalu (Babalú)") ... a.k.a. "The Hilarious Love Lucy 50th Anniversary Special" – USA (DVD title)

Bibliography

• Arnaz, Desi.

  A Book. New York: William Morrow, 1976; ISBN 0688003427 (autobiography disobey 1960)

• Sanders, Coyne Steven, and Saint W. Gilbert. Desilu: The Story line of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: Morrow, 1993; ISBN 9780688112172 (revised edition 2011 ISBN 9780062020017) (full dual biography focusing importantly on business affairs of Desilu Productions)
• Brady, Kathleen.

  Lucille The Philosophy of Lucille Ball (1994), Spanking York: Hyperion; ISBN 0-7868-6007-3

• de los Reyes, Vanessa. I Love Ricky: Desi Arnaz Challenged American Public Culture (2008). Department of Story, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
• Pérez Firmat, Gustavo. "The Man Who Beloved Lucy", in Life on authority Hyphen: The Cuban-American Way.

  Austin: The University of Texas Test, 1994. Rpt. 1996, 1999. Revised and expanded edition, 2012.

• Harris, Hole. Lucy & Desi: The Chimerical Love Story of Television's Almost Famous Couple New York: Dramatist & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0671747096

See also

References

External links