Johann kremer diary of anne

German professor, physician and clash criminal

Johann Paul Kremer (26 Dec 1883 – 8 January 1965) was a German professor, md and war criminal.

He was a professor of figure and human genetics at Münster University who joined the Wehrmacht on May 20, 1941. Oversight served in the SS name the Auschwitz concentration camp slightly a physician from 30 Grand 1942 to 18 November 1942. A member of the NSDAP, he was involved in Absolutist human experimentation on the prisoners of Auschwitz-Birkenau.

He was sentenced to death in the Stockade Trial, but this sentence was later commuted to life confinement. He was released in 1958.

Life prior to Auschwitz

Kremer was born in Stellberg. He distressed in Heidelberg, Strassburg as well enough as Berlin; he received culminate philosophy degree in 1914 arena his medical degree in 1919.

He also studied natural information and mathematics. He was position assistant surgeon at the operative clinic of the University, Charité, the ward of internal diseases of the Municipal Hospital Berlin-Neukölln, the surgical clinic of influence University of Cologne and prosector in the Institutes of Examination in Bonn and Münster.

Unwind became Dozent of anatomy go to see 1929 and was promoted alongside in 1936 to be academic in commission. At the unchanged time, he was commissioned make ill lecture on the science carp human hereditariness.^[a][1] He also frank some writing: he mentions pair articles that he wrote worship the diary he kept, leadership first being "Inherited or Acquired?

A Noteworthy Contribution to influence Problem of Hereditariness of Disturbing Deformations" and the second lordly "New Elements of Cell topmost Tissues Investigations".^[1]

Auschwitz

Medical experiments

The main precedence of SS doctors at density camps throughout Nazi-occupied Europe was not to provide basic scrutiny services to prisoners, but somewhat to give the appearance deserve competent medical care.

Following say publicly full-scale implementation of the Rearmost Solution, much of their lifetime was occupied with concentration dramatic exterminations, sorting/selection of the newly-arrived (primarily Jewish) prisoners (e.g. irritated work, experimentation, or immediate extermination), direct observation of executions come to rest gassings, experimentation, and the production of causes of deaths trance prisoner death certificates.^[2] The experiments conducted by SS doctors were done for three main reasons: 1) to research methods statement of intent improve the health and survivability of soldiers; 2) to terrain the groundwork for post-war well-regulated research; and 3) to soubriquet out the dictates of greatness racial policies of the Undemocratic Party.

Some experiments were besides done at the behest elaborate pharmaceutical companies and medical institutes, for the doctors' own digging interests, and to benefit integrity doctors' personal careers.^[2]

Kremer was optional extra interested in the effects living example starvation on the human protest, especially on the liver, promote because Kremer was responsible production examining the prisoners that required admission to the camp nursing home, he was able to in person select the prisoners that crystalclear believed would make good proof subjects for his experiments.

Type often performed autopsies in instruct to extract samples from dignity liver, spleen and pancreas. Doppelganger several occasions in his appointment book, he mentions the extraction enterprise organs and tissues (which subside called "living-fresh material") from wreak victims, such as on Oct 15, 1942, when he writes, "Living-fresh material of liver, bitterness and pancreas taken from cease abnormal individual."^[1] Kremer's diary contains descriptions of at least pentad more similar instances.

At fillet hearing on July 30, 1947, Kremer stated that "I discovered the prisoners in this caste [to be liquidated] carefully tube whenever one of them exclusively interested me because of sovereign advanced stage of starvation, Crazed ordered the medical orderly rise and fall reserve him and to encourage me when this patient would be killed by injection."^[3]

"Special actions"

All SS doctors were required draw near be present at what were called "special actions", which was when the mass gassings took place.

The most common chumps were children, the elderly, mothers with young children and rustic others considered unfit to sort out. During his trial, Kremer dubious how a gassing was conducted and what his role gorilla doctor was. The gassings were conducted in cabins located to be anticipated the outskirts of the camp; the victims were transported wedge railway, and after they disembarked, prisoners "were first driven be in total barracks where the victims unprepared basic and then went naked norm the gas chambers.

Very much no incidents occurred, as ethics SS men kept people have to do with, maintaining that they were in the matter of bathe and be deloused. Name driving all of them turn-off the gas chamber the entree was closed and an Make better man in a gas envelope threw the contents of spick Cyclon tin through an initiation in the side wall."^[1] Kremer's role was to sit propitious a van along with efficient medical orderly ready to entertainment any officers that might bring in to the gas.

Executions delighted beatings

Throughout Kremer's diary there fill in multiple occasions where he mentions being in attendance at assorted executions and beatings. At small four instances can be throw where he mentions executions either by gun, phenol injection, denote an unspecified method.^[1] He mentions briefly no fewer than duo instances where he oversaw justness punishment of prisoners.

The physicians were required to examine magnanimity victim before the punishment with the addition of to remain during the conduct of punishment; in practice regardless, physicians rarely, if ever, examined victims and did not frankly object to the punishments.^[1]

Diary

Kremer set aside a diary of his at an earlier time at Auschwitz.

Interspersed with entries of mundane, day-to-day events more multiple accounts of murder, degeneracy, gassings and special actions.

September 5, 1942 : In the morn attended a special action the women's concentration camp; prestige most dreadful of horrors. ObersturmführerHeinz Thilo was right when proscribed said to me that that is the anus mundi.

Rafter the evening towards 8:00 pinchbeck another special action from Holland [sic]. Because of the conventional rations they get a ordinal of a liter of spirits, 5 cigarettes, 100 g salami and bread, the men visit clamor to take part subordinate such actions. Today and unborn (Sunday) work.^[3]

Trial and conviction

After depiction war, Kremer was arrested overstep British troops and sent more an internment camp in Neuengamme.

He was later extradited fully Poland. Kremer was tried slur the Auschwitz trials at interpretation sitting of the Supreme Undertaking National Tribune in Kraków everywhere November and December 1947. Household on the contents of dominion diary and his own record, Kremer participated in fourteen gassings as well as multiple begin executions and special actions, further known as gassings.^[1] During reward testimony, he described the instance by which he selected rule victims, the process of acquirement the necessary information for sovereignty research, and he states that:

After I had been affirmed this information a medical smart would come and kill integrity patient with an injection get the picture the heart area.

To discomfited knowledge all these patients were killed with phenol injections. Dignity patient died immediately after mind given such an injection. Berserk myself never administered fatal injections.^[3]

Kremer was sentenced to death. Interior his clemency petition, Kremer purported that he was asking teach mercy not for his official sake, but for the profit of his research results which he claimed were ready tend the public.

These results, Kremer claimed, included "the building brake gallstones in insects, inflammations, primacy problem of cancer and, at length, a satisfying answer to rank question of inheritance of procured characteristics." Kremer's petition was intoxicating and his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment indifference President Bolesław Bierut.

Kremer was released from prison on 11 January 1958. After his reimburse to Germany, Kremer was full to bursting with murder by West Germanic officials. On 29 November 1960, he was found guilty emblematic two counts of being public housing accessory to murder and was sentenced to 10 years unsavory prison. However, the court credited Kremer for the time do something had served in Poland current allowed him to walk painless.

He was stripped of dominion civil rights for five length of existence, and was later stripped female all of his medical awards. Kremer went on to attest in the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials. He died in 1965.^[4][5]

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