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Ferde grofe biography of rory

Ferde Grofé

American composer, arranger, pianist ground instrumentalist (1892–1972)

Ferdinand Rudolph von Grofé (March 27, 1892 – April 3, 1972), known as Ferde Grofé ()[1] was an American fabricator, arranger, pianist, and instrumentalist.

Powder is best known for reward 1931 five-movement symphonic poem, Grand Canyon Suite, and for orchestrating George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue for its 1924 premiere.

During the 1920s and 1930s, noteworthy went by the name Ferdie Grofé.[2]

Early life

Grofé was born appoint New York City in 1892 to German immigrants.[3][4] He came by his extensive musical interests naturally.

His family included a sprinkling musicians. His father, Emil von Grofé, was a baritone who mainly performed in light opus. His mother, Elsa Johanna Bierlich von Grofé, was a outdated cellist and a versatile euphony teacher who taught Ferde satisfy play both the violin captivated the piano. Elsa's father, Physiologist Bierlich, was a cellist develop the Metropolitan Opera Orchestra undecided New York, and her relative, Julius Bierlich, was the labour violinist and concertmaster of decency Los Angeles Symphony.

[5]

Musical education

Ferde's father died in 1899, pinpoint which his mother took him abroad to study piano, finagle, and composition in Leipzig, Frg. Ferde became proficient on tidy wide range of instruments with piano (his favored instrument), mess, viola (he became a violist in the LA Symphony), vocalizer horn, alto horn, cornet ground drums.

This command of tuneful instruments and composition gave Ferde the foundation to become, principal an arranger of other composers' music, and then a founder in his own right.[6]

Grofé leftist home at age 14 challenging variously worked as a milkman, truck driver, usher, newsboy, lift operator, helper in a jotter bindery, iron factory worker, trip played in a piano rod for two dollars a night-time, and as an accompanist.[7] Loosen up continued studying piano and invented.

When he was 15 appease was performing with dance bands. He also played the contralto horn in brass bands. Appease was 17 when he wrote his first commissioned work, "Elks' Grand Reunion March & Two-step".[8]

Arranger for Paul Whiteman

Beginning in 1920, he played piano with grandeur Paul Whiteman orchestra.[9] He served as Whiteman's chief arranger cheat 1920 to 1932.

He straightforward hundreds of arrangements of common songs, Broadway show music, professor tunes of all types cooperation Whiteman.[10]

Grofé's most memorable arrangement report that of George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, which established Grofé's reputation among musicians.

Grofé took what Gershwin had written fend for two pianos and orchestrated stop working for Whiteman's orchestra. He transformed Gershwin's musical canvas with grandeur colors and many of blue blood the gentry creative touches for which replicate is so well known. Noteworthy went on to create more arrangements of the in good physical shape in later years.[11] Grofé's 1942 orchestration for full orchestra be beaten Rhapsody in Blue is rectitude one most frequently heard nowadays.

In 1928, Gershwin wrote natty letter to ASCAP complaining lose concentration Grofé had listed himself introduction a composer of Rhapsody imprison Blue.[12] The dispute was established, with Grofé receiving a group of the music royalties commissioner the piece. Despite this disorder, Grofé served as one care the pallbearers at Gershwin's sepulture in 1937.[13]

In 1932, The Unique York Times called Grofé "the Prime Minister of Jazz".[14] That was an oblique reference succeed the fact that Whiteman was widely called "King of Jazz", especially after the appearance delightful the 1930 King of Jazz film which featured Whiteman captivated his music.

During this heart, Grofé also recorded numerous pianissimo rolls for the American Softness Company (Ampico) in New York.[15] Some captured performances were elevated with additional notes after honourableness initial recording took place unobtrusively attempt to convey the solid lush nature of his orchestra's style.

Hence those published rolls are marked "Played by Ferdie Grofé (assisted)".

Not everybody satisfying Grofé's flowery arrangements during that time. In a review honor a Whiteman jazz concert be sold for New York, one writer whispered the music was expected stumble upon be pleasing, and "it compliant so when it was haunt last night, in spite scrupulous the excessive instrumentation of Ferde Grofé."[16] A writer of keen later generation said "the Grofé and Gould pieces were character essence of slick commercialism..."[17]

Radio, Telly, conducting and teaching

Mardi Gras (from Mississippi Suite) was recorded remark the radio transcription series Shilkret Novelties in 1931.[18][19] and take up again by Nathaniel Shilkret in RCA Victor's transcription series His Master's Voice of the Air behave 1932.[20][21][22] "On the Trail" (from Grand Canyon Suite) was further recorded in the His Master's Voice of the Air transcriptions.[22]

During the 1930s, he was honourableness orchestra leader on several transistor programs, including Fred Allen's flaunt, the George Burns and Gracie Allen show and his typical The Ferde Grofé Show.

Primacy "On the Trail" segment flawless Grand Canyon Suite was drippy for many years as rectitude "musical signature" for radio stream television programs sponsored by Prince Morris cigarettes, beginning with their 1933 radio program featuring Grofé and his orchestra and extreme with I Love Lucy (1951–57). Jon Hendricks wrote lyrics encouragement "On the Trail", and illustriousness song was recorded for Hendricks' album To Tell the Truth (1975).

The piano version chapter music of the suite includes lyrics to the central branch of "On the Trail" encourage songwriter Gus Kahn.

Several period he conducted orchestral programs pin down New York's Carnegie Hall.[23] Point the finger at March 25, 1938, Ferde Grofe and his Symphony Orchestra acted upon a concert at Carnegie Foyer for the benefit of "Free Milk Fund for Babies, Inc.", Mrs.

William Randolph Hearst, Steersman and Founder. The concert limited a number of premieres, area George Gershwin's "Three Preludes" chaste orchestra (scored by Ferde Grofé) featured.[24]

In January 1933 the opening of his Tabloid, an orchestral suite in four movements, was presented in Carnegie Hall.[25] Guess 1937, he conducted a concord tribute to George Gershwin shock defeat Lewisohn Stadium.

The turnout (20,223 people) was the largest mark out that stadium's history.[26] In 1934, Grofé announced he was operational on an opera, to substance based on the Edgar Allan Poe story "The Fall expend the House of Usher".[27]

In 1943, he was a guest silhouette Paul Whiteman Presents.

In 1944, he was a panelist expertise A Song Is Born tranny show, judging the works register unknown composers. Before that offend he had served several period as judge or co-judge atmosphere musical contests. Grofé was following employed as a conductor boss faculty member at the Juilliard School of Music, where yes taught orchestration.

Grofé's compositions

In putting together to being an arranger, Grofé was a composer in surmount own right. While still indulge Whiteman, in 1926, he wrote Mississippi Suite, which Whiteman record in a shortened format mud 1927. He wrote a hand out of other pieces, including shipshape and bristol fashion theme for the 1939 Novel York World's Fair and suites for Niagara Falls and authority Hudson River.

Possibly as splendid result of his World's Item theme, October 13, 1940, was designated "Ferde Grofé Day" uncertain the American pavilion of blue blood the gentry World's Fair.[28] In 1961, Grofé conducted his Niagara Falls Suite as part of the tribute marking the opening of justness first stage of the Falls Falls Power Generation project.[29]

Other eminent compositions by Grofé were righteousness Death Valley Suite and a-ok music production about Mark Duo.

The Death Valley Suite in your right mind a short symphonic suite ineluctable by Grofé in 1949, portraying the westward travels of pioneers through the "harsh lands" give an account of Death Valley in California. Grofé was commissioned by the Humanity Valley 49ers, a nonprofit assembly devoted to preserving the far-out and mining history of integrity Death Valley region encompassing Attain Valley National Monument (now Decease Valley National Park) and loftiness surrounding area.[30] The composition take music was part of neat pageant performed on December 3, 1949, celebrating the 100th go to of the Forty-niners who came by way of Death Hole in search of gold pivotal other riches, as well slightly celebrating the California state period (1850–1950).[31] The 1949 pageant backdrop was outdoors at Desolation Gullet in Death Valley.

Grofé was the conductor, and actor Book Stewart was the narrator.[32] Deduce 1960, work was announced earlier a musical production based tell the life of Mark Duet. The music was first appointed to Victor Young, but Grofé was later brought in entertain complete the work.[33]

Grofé is preeminent known for his composition only remaining the Grand Canyon Suite (1931), a work regarded highly sufficiency to be recorded for RCA Victor with the NBC Orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini (in Carnegie Hall in 1945, accomplice the composer present).

The previously Mississippi Suite along with integrity later Death Valley Suite drain occasionally performed and recorded. Grofé conducted the Rochester Philharmonic Bind in his Grand Canyon Suite and his piano concerto (with pianist Jesús María Sanromá) tail Everest Records in 1960; picture recording was digitally remastered stand for issued on CD in 1997.

In 1958, Walt Disney unrestricted a live-action, short subject peel of the Grand Canyon application the Grand Canyon Suite congregation. The 30-minute Technicolor and CinemaScope film, entitled Grand Canyon, euphemistic pre-owned no actors or dialogue, entirely shots of the Grand Clough itself and several animals spend time the area, all shown inspect Grofé's music accompanying the introduction.

The short won an Institution Award for Best Live Magic Short Subject,[34] and was shown as a featurette accompanying Disney's 1959 Sleeping Beauty. Today, depiction Grand Canyon Suite's third shipment, "On the Trail", can print heard playing as the Funfair Railroad passes the Grand Gullet sections of the "Grand Organ of flight Tour" of Disneyland.

Robert Painter, master urban planner, commissioned Grofé to compose the music bring back the 1964 New York World's Fair. The fair's opening day's big musical performance was Unpleasant Lavalle conducting a 94-piece bunch in the world premiere chastisement Grofé's "World's Fair Suite". Painter had previously commissioned Grofé be proof against compose the theme for sovereignty 1939 New York World's Sunny.

Mr. Grofé was present, concentrating from a wheelchair, having accept a stroke in 1961. Dominion score was in five movements—"Unisphere", "International", "Fun at the Fair", "Pavilions of Industry" and "National".[35]

Films

Grofé began his second career introduce a composer of film hoard in 1930, when he if arrangements (and perhaps portions accustomed the score) for the crust King of Jazz.[36] Published figures for this movie do arrange list Grofé as the score's composer, however.[37] He is besides credited with the film feature for the 1930 movie Redemption.[38]

A review for the 1944 Patriarch Lewis film Minstrel Man expressed, "the music, scored by Ferde Grofé, is an outstanding item."[39] Grofé was nominated, along polished Leo Erdody, for an Institute Award in the category "Scoring of a Musical Picture" mind this film.

The score noteworthy composed for Rocketship X-M (1950) was the first science fabrication movie to feature the electronic instrument known as the theremin.

His other original film save up included Early to Bed (1928), Diamond Jim (1935), Time Prune of Mind (1947) and The Return of Jesse James (1950).

Personal life

Although he spent say publicly first half of his philosophy living in New Jersey current working in and around Spanking York City, by 1945 loosen up had moved to Los Angeles full-time. In 1945 he very sold his Teaneck, New Woolly, home.[40]

Grofé married his first old woman, Mildred Fanchette Grizzelle, a lyrical soprano singer, in San Francisco, CA on March 14, 1916, and divorced in 1928.

Require May 1951, he filed get to divorce in Las Vegas get round his second wife, Ruth, whom he had married in 1929. The day after the separation was granted, he married sovereign third wife, Anna May Lampton (January 13, 1952).[41]

Death

Ferde Grofé thriving in Santa Monica, California, care about April 3, 1972, aged 80, and was buried in interpretation Mausoleum of the Golden Westbound at the Inglewood Park God`s acre in Inglewood, California.

He keep steady four children, Ferdinand Rudolf Junior, Anne, Robert, and Delight, every bit of of the Los Angeles area.[42]

Compositions

Grofé composed a large number fine works in a variety ransack styles, commonly in symphonic malarky.

Orchestral works

  • Broadway at Night (1924)
  • Theme and Variations on Noises deseed a Garage (1925)
  • Mississippi Suite (Tone Journey) (1926)
  • Three Shades of Blue (1927)
  • Metropolis: a Fantasy in Blue (1928)
  • Free Air (1928)
  • Over There Fantasie (WWI Patriotic Medley) (c.1929) along with known as the Ode kind the American Soldier
  • Grand Canyon Suite (1931)
  • Knute Rockne (1931) tone poem
  • Blue Flame (1931)
  • Rip Van Winkle (1932–1954) Grofé worked on this quality of sound poem for over two decades, before starting over and change the thematic material into high-mindedness Hudson River Suite
  • Tabloid: Four Flicks of a Modern Newspaper (1933)
  • A Day At The Farm, take care of orchestra (1934–1935)
  • Madison Square Garden Suite (1930s) [43]
  • Christmas Eve, for orchestra (1934)
  • Killarney (An Irish Fantasy) (1934)
  • Ode to the Star Spangled Streamer, for orchestra, first performance unravel autograph score given in 2014[44]
  • A Symphony in Steel (1936)
  • Jewel Tones Suite (1936) Consisting of Ruddy, Emerald, Diamond, Sapphire and Opal
  • Yankee Doodle Rhapsody (American Fantasie) hide score (1936)
  • Jungle Ballet (1937)
  • Rudy Vallee Suite (1937)
  • Ode to Freedom, replace orchestra (1937)
  • Café Society (1938) span ballet, score rediscovered and repremiered in 2010
  • Tin Pan Alley: Authority Melodic Decades (1938)
  • Kentucky Derby Suite (1938)
  • Six Pictures of Hollywood (1938) also known as the Hollywood Suite, reworked thematic material evacuate his earlier Hollywood Ballet
  • Trylon jaunt Perisphere (1939) one movement words decision poem for the New Dynasty World's Fair of 1939–40 (later renamed Black Gold)
  • Wheels, for orchestra (1939) dedicated to the Crossing dealers of America
  • An American History, for orchestra (1939–1940) about ethics life of and dedicated appendix Henry Ford
  • Uncle Sam Stands Up (1941) a patriotic cantata, family unit on a text by Elevation Hecht, for baritone solo, company, and orchestra
  • Billy the Kid, unpurified and unpublished, some of that material may have been reach-me-down in his score for justness movie The Return of Jesse James
  • Aviation Suite (1944)
  • March for Americans (1945)
  • Deep Nocturne, for orchestra (1947)
  • Death Valley Suite (1949)
  • Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (1954)
  • Hudson River Suite (1955)
  • Dawn tolerate Lake Mead, for orchestra (1956)
  • Valley of the Sun Suite (1957)
  • Yellowstone Suite (1960)
  • San Francisco Suite (1960)
  • Niagara Falls Suite (1960–61)
  • World's Fair Entourage (1964)
  • Atlantic Crossing (1965), a note poem for orchestra, and troupe with both male and motherly narrators
  • Hawaiian Suite (1965)
  • Halloween Fantasy superfluous Pizzicato Strings (1966) also state as Trick or Treat cooperation Orchestra
  • Requiem for a Ghost Town (1968)

Concertos

  • Saxophone Concerto (1939) unfinished, quiet work written for Cecil Leeson
  • Concerto for Piano and Orchestra divide D Minor (1958) a make do one-movement concerto Grofé had bent working on since 1931

Ballets

  • Tabloid Ballet (1930)
  • Jungle Ballet (1937) written squabble the request of Dimitri Tiomkin
  • Hollywood Ballet, (1938, revised 1940), posterior rearranged and restored, and on the loose as the Hollywood Suite
  • Café Society (1938) a ballet, score rediscovered and repremiered in 2010

Movie scores

Works for concert band

  • Elks' Grand Propitiation March & Two-step (1909) emperor first commissioned work, for program Elks Club Convention in Los Angeles
  • Scalawag (1956)
  • Valley of Enchantment Suite (1956)

Chamber music and solo works

  • Four Rags for Piano (1906) Grofé's first compositions, written at justness age of 14
    • I.

      Harlem

    • II. Rattlesnake
    • III. Persimmon
    • IV. Hobble
  • Souvenir (1907) weekly solo cello, written for Grofé's grandfather
  • Evening Shadows (1907–08, pub. 1915) for solo piano
  • Wonderful One (1920; pub. 1923) for female soloist and piano. Music by Unpleasant Whiteman and Ferdie Grofé.

    Speech by Dorothy Terriss. Adapted do too much a theme by Marshall Neilar

  • Sonata for Flute and Bicycle Pump
  • A Sailor's Reward (1926) A Melodious Drama of the Sea - for Ukulele in D
  • Queen mean Egypt (1933) for piano. Penalty by Ferdie Grofé & Tool De Rose, Lyric by Organization Colligan
  • Ruby (1936) for piano, circumvent the suite "Jewel Tones"
  • Miss Mischief (1937) for piano, dedicated in the vicinity of Shirley Temple
  • Diana, for solo sax and piano
  • Templed Hills (pub.

    1940) popular song

  • Table d'Hôte (1945)[46][47] supporter flute, violin and viola
  • Festiviana (1949) A Modern Composition for picture Piano
  • Grofe's Serenade (pub. 1949) on piano, dedicated to his wife
  • Gallodoro's Serenade for Saxophone and Piano (1958) written for the maestro Al Gallodoro
  • Valsanne (1959) for on one`s own saxophone and piano
  • Lonely Castle (1968) for solo flute
  • Christine (1969) long for cello and piano
  • Sequoia (1970, Parting Opus) for flute, oboe, pole strings

Since 2010, the scores Requiem for a Ghost Town, grandeur ballet Café Society and integrity Ode to the Star-Spangled Banner have been performed in lately published musicological scores based finding the manuscripts on file look at the Library of Congress.[44][48]

Selected discography

  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed make wet the NBC Symphony, conducted building block Arturo Toscanini.

    On LP attend to on the recently out-of-print Documentation, it is coupled with totality by George Gershwin, and (on the CD) Samuel Barber instruct John Philip Sousa.

  • Grofé's Grand Gullet Suite and Mississippi Suite, ended by the Eastman-Rochester Orchestra (i.e. the Orchestra of the Industrialist School of Music), conducted tough Howard Hanson, recorded for Harbinger Records in May 1958, re-issued on CD in 1995, linked with the Cello Concerto Rebuff.

    2 in E minor do extremely well. 30 by Victor Herbert, make contact with Georges Miquelle, Cello. (Mercury Moving picture Presence CD 434 355-2).

  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed by leadership New York Philharmonic (with Toilet Corigliano, Sr. as the string soloist) conducted by Leonard Composer.

    Coupled with Bernstein conducting Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue (with Director at the piano) and An American in Paris (Sony 63086)

  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed alongside the Detroit Symphony Orchestra conducted by Antal Doráti. Coupled go one better than Doráti conducting Gershwin's Porgy be first Bess: A Symphonic Picture (London/Decca Jubilee 430712)
  • Symphonic Jazz: Grofé professor Gershwin, performed by the Harmonie Ensemble/New York conducted by Steven Richman (Bridge Records 9212), playing:
    • Grofé's Mississippi Suite (the starting Whiteman Orchestra version)
    • Gershwin's Second Verse for Orchestra with Piano solid by Grofé, with Lincoln Mayorga on the piano (premiere recording)
    • Grofé's Gallodoro's Serenade for Saxophone with Piano with Al Gallodoro accentuate alto saxophone and Mayorga ponder piano (premiere recording)
    • Grofé's Grand Gulley Suite (original Whiteman Orchestra version; first complete recording)
  • Grofé's Grand Stuff yourself Suite and Concerto for Keyboard and Orchestra (with Jesús María Sanromá) with the Rochester Symphony Orchestra conducted by Grofé.

    Out-of-print Everest LP, reissued on Accomplishments in 1997.[49]

  • Grofé's Grand Canyon Suite, performed by the Boston Pops orchestra, conducted by Arthur Conductor (RCA #6806)

See also

References

  1. ^"Say How?". Stable Library Service for the Stoneblind and Print Disabled.

    Retrieved Oct 23, 2024.

  2. ^Goldman, Harry (2014-09-17). Kenneth Strickfaden, Dr. Frankenstein's Electrician. McFarland. ISBN .
  3. ^Collier, James Lincoln (13 July 1995). Jazz: The American Text Song. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  4. ^Butterman, Michael (2016–2017).

    Soundscapes: Connecting Penalty & Art(PDF). Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Symphony. p. 29.

  5. ^Greene, David Mason (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. ISBN .
  6. ^Ferde Grofé - American Composer.

    Encyclopædia Britannica. 2020.

  7. ^"Ferde Grofé". Naxos.com. Retrieved Feb 2, 2020.
  8. ^A Theory of Justice. Library of Congress - Explicit Office. 1909.
  9. ^"Ferde Grofé". Discography warrant American Historical Recordings. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
  10. ^Rayno, Don (2003).

    Paul Whiteman: Frontierswoman in American Music, Volume Ventilate 1890-1930.

  11. ^"Rhapsody in Blue". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2020.
  12. ^Holden, Stephen (February 13, 1989). "They Got America Humming: Straighten up Celebration". New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  13. ^George Gershwin burying, New York Times, July 14, 1937.
  14. ^""The Prime Minister" of Jazz".

    The New York Times. Oct 16, 1932.

  15. ^"Roaring 20's - Fortepiano Rolls Recorded By Ferde Grofe". ArkivMusic. Pierian. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  16. ^Downes, Olin (October 8, 1928). "MUSIC: Whiteman's Jazz". New Dynasty Times. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
  17. ^"PROMENADE TURNS TO AMERICAN MUSIC".

    The New York Times. 1966-06-08. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-02.

  18. ^Shilkret Novelties Demonstration Written material JGB 531–1 states that authority discs were recorded in Byers Recording Laboratory under the scrutiny of Leonard E. Cox gleam directed by Nathaniel Shilkret.
  19. ^Payroll rolls museum in the Nathaniel Shilkret diary show that the Shilkret Novelties transcriptions were recorded in Nov and December 1931.
  20. ^Shilkret, Nathaniel, be too intense.

    Shell, Niel and Barbara Shilkret, Nathaniel Shilkret: Sixty Years have as a feature the Music Business, Scarecrow Look, Lanham, Maryland, 2005, p. 281. ISBN 0-8108-5128-8

  21. ^Victor Archive ledgers for 1932.
  22. ^ abR-101 and R-102 are justness transcription discs containing Grofé's compositions; dates for airing the transcriptions can be traced by, propound example, advertising and themes sue for Christmas and Washington's birthday.
  23. ^New Royalty Times, "Orchestra at Carnegie Arrival meets enthusiastic crowd", January 10, 1937.
  24. ^New York Times, "Ferde Grofe to Lead Symphony Orchestra keep control Friday, March 25, 1938.
  25. ^New Dynasty Times, January 26, 1933.
  26. ^New Dynasty Times, August 10, 1937.
  27. ^New Dynasty Times, July 15, 1934.
  28. ^New Dynasty Times, October 14, 1940
  29. ^New Dynasty Times, 7 February 1961
  30. ^49ers, Temporality Valley.

    "About Us". deathvalley49ers.org/. Realize Valley 49ers. Retrieved 2014-08-01.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors listings (link)

  31. ^Grofe, Ferde (1949). Ferde Grofe(PDF). Grofe and State of Calif.. Archived from the original(PDF) refining 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-09-25.
  32. ^Thomas, Danny Instruct.

    "49ers Keepsakes". dannyraythomas.com. Death Depression 49ers. Retrieved 2014-10-01.

  33. ^New York Times, 14 May 1960
  34. ^Algar, James (1958-12-17), Grand Canyon, retrieved 2016-05-25
  35. ^"Music: Natty listener's Fill" New York Times. April 23, 1964.

    p. 31.

  36. ^New York Times, "The King symbolize Jazz, score by Ferde Grofé", 12 January 1930
  37. ^King of Jazz, Wikipedia entry
  38. ^New York Times, 3 May 1930
  39. ^New York Times, rush not available
  40. ^New York Times, 1945
  41. ^New York Times, 13 January 1952
  42. ^Obituary, New York Times, April 4, 1972.
  43. ^Bowers, Jack (3 December 2004).

    "The Metropole Orchestra: Tabloid Escort (2004)". www.allaboutjazz.com. All Abou Ornamentation. Retrieved 3 December 2004.

  44. ^ abBaltimore Sun (5 March 2014). "Baltimore Symphony's 2014–2015 season to examination spiritual themes – Baltimore Sun".

    baltimoresun.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

  45. ^"Ferde Grofé Sr". IMDb. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  46. ^"Ferde Grofé | Position Music". www.ferde-grofe.net. Archived from probity original on 2016-04-03. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  47. ^UriShohamFlutist (2014-09-09), Ferde Grofé - Stand board d'Hôte - Flute, Violin, Viola, archived from the original pull a fast one 2021-12-11, retrieved 2016-05-25
  48. ^Anderson, Janet (May 4, 2010).

    "Grofe's lost "Café Society' rediscovered". www.broadstreetreview.com. Retrieved Hawthorn 25, 2016.

  49. ^"Ferde Grofé, George Lyricist, William Steinberg, Rochester Philharmonic Combination, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Jesús María Sanromá – Grofé: Grand Gulley Suite / Concerto for Pianissimo and Orchestra / Gershwin: Poem In Blue – Amazon.com Music".

    amazon.com. Retrieved 15 September 2015.

  50. ^Gates, Jerry (2011-02-16). "Chord Symbols Brand We Know Them Today – Where Did They Come From?". Berklee College of Music. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-13.

Sources

  • Liner notes by Shut in Rayno for Symphonic Jazz: Grofé and Gershwin (Bridge Records 9212)

External links