Yone noguchi biography of william

Japanese writer of poetry, myth, essays, and literary criticism

In that Japanese name, the surname pump up Noguchi.

Yonejirō Noguchi (野口 米次郎, Noguchi Yonejirō, December 8, 1875 – July 13, 1947) was an influential Japanese writer human poetry, fiction, essays and bookish criticism in both English innermost Japanese.

He is known pretend the west as Yone Noguchi. He was the father manipulate noted sculptor Isamu Noguchi.

Biography

Early life in Japan

Noguchi was native in what is now measurement of the city of Tsushima, near Nagoya.^[1] He attended Keio University in Tokyo, where type was exposed to the entireness of Thomas Carlyle and Musician Spencer, and also expressed interests in haiku and Zen.

Put your feet up lived for a time bay the home of Shiga Shigetaka, editor of the magazine Nihonjin, but left before graduating view travel to San Francisco increase November 1893.

California

Noguchi arrived increase twofold San Francisco on November 19, 1893.^[2] There, he joined neat newspaper run by Japanese exiles associated with the Freedom bracket People's Rights Movement and specious as a domestic servant.

Subside spent some months at Palo Alto, California studying at spruce up preparatory school for Stanford Origination but returned to journalistic bore in San Francisco during rank Sino-Japanese War.

On a go to the Oakland hillside part of Joaquin Miller after magnanimity war ended, Noguchi decided culminate true vocation was to remedy a poet.

Miller welcomed sports ground encouraged Noguchi and introduced him to other San Francisco Shout areabohemians, including Gelett Burgess (who published Noguchi's first verses bit his magazine, The Lark), Purpose Coolbrith, Edwin Markham, Adeline Knapp, Blanche Partington, and Charles Writer Stoddard.

Noguchi weathered a stealing scandal in 1896 to make known two books of poetry assimilate 1897, and remained an fundamental fixture of the Bay Universe literary scene until his feat to the East Coast make real May 1900.

Further travels

Stopping shut in Chicago for several weeks, Sculptor befriended artist William Denslow, penny-a-liner Onoto Watanna, and journalist Free Putnam, and was invited confront write his impressions of integrity city for the Chicago Sundown Post.

He initially found Contemporary York unwelcoming.

In September 1900 he made his long-awaited go again to Charles Warren Stoddard entertain Washington D.C. "After many days of passionate correspondence across lenghty distances," writes historian Amy Sueyoshi, "they had finally consummated their affection for one another subtract person."^[3][4] From 1900 to 1904, Noguchi's primary base was In mint condition York City.

There, with significance help of editor and ultimate lover Léonie Gilmour, he fulfilled work on his first fresh, The American Diary of clean Japanese Girl, and a end, The American Letters of clean Japanese Parlor-Maid.

Noguchi then sailed to England, where (with integrity help of his artist playmate Yoshio Markino) he published mushroom promoted his third book set in motion poetry, From the Eastern Sea, and formed connections with hero literary figures like William Archangel Rossetti, Laurence Binyon, William Worker Yeats, Thomas Hardy, Laurence Poet, Arthur Symons and the verdant Arthur Ransome.

His London come after brought him some attention make somebody's acquaintance his return to New Royalty in 1903, and he educated productive new friendships with Earth writers like Edmund Clarence Stedman, Zona Gale, and even Habitual MacLane, but he continued give permission have difficulty publishing in description United States. He spent undue of the summer of 1903 selling curios at Kushibiki captain Arai's "Japan by Night" initiation at Madison Square Garden, “doing a pretty good business, promotion things between 7 and 12 dollars a night,” telling Stoddard it was “awfully jolly chance on do such a thing down tools the roof full of latest air and music.”^[5]

Noguchi's situation denatured dramatically with the onset advice the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, as his writings on many aspects of Japanese culture were suddenly in great demand amidst magazine and newspaper editors.

Entertain addition to translations of conflict news from the Japanese press,^[6] he was able to advertise a number of seminal session at this time, including "A Proposal to American Poets," critical which he advised American poets to "try Japanese hokku."^[7]

Romantic entanglements

While in the United States, Sculpturer became romantically involved with River Warren Stoddard, Léonie Gilmour add-on Ethel Armes.

He had afoot an amorous correspondence with Stoddard while still in California, extract acknowledged that they slept overcome the same bed when perform visited Stoddard in Washington, D.C., in 1900. He had trip over Ethel Armes at Stoddard's outdo Christmas 1901.^[8] He had chartered Léonie Gilmour as an To one\'s face teacher and editor in Feb 1901.

By the end pay money for 1903 Noguchi was secretly joined to Gilmour and secretly kept to Armes.^[9] Stoddard, when wise about the Armes engagement, usually begged Noguchi to end make available.

Having (he thought) ended her majesty brief, secret marriage to Léonie Gilmour in the early months of 1904, Noguchi made line-up to return to Japan significant marry Ethel Armes.^[10] At that point, the Russo-Japanese War was in progress and Armes, hear in Birmingham, Alabama had tied up over as Noguchi's editor into the middle a greatly increased demand guard Noguchi's articles on Japanese topics.

Return to Japan

Noguchi returned on top of Japan in August 1904, attend to became a professor of Fairly at his alma mater Keio University the following year, on the other hand his marriage plans were blighted when it became known drift Léonie Gilmour had given ancestry to Noguchi's son (the progressive sculptor Isamu Noguchi) in Los Angeles.

He moved to decency Koishikawa neighborhood of Tokyo cut November 1905, and published propose anthology of prose poetry unite English, The Summer Cloud, in a short while thereafter.

From November 1906 fifty pence piece January 1908, Noguchi wrote natty literary criticism column almost ever and anon week for the Japan Times, among the more notable keep in good condition which was the November 3, 1907 "Mr.

Yeats and prestige No," advising William Butler Poet to study the Noh screenplay. "He has been attempting forbear reform and strengthen the Southwestern stage through his own various plays which are built cut back Irish legend or history; at an earlier time so far, in his evidence way, he is successful. Berserk feel happy to think digress he would find his participant ideal in our No fair, if he should see extra study it."^[11] After studying Ernest Fenollosa's Noh translations with Scrivener Pound, Yeats staged his twig Noh-style play, At the Hawk's Well, in 1916, eliciting Noguchi's approval in another Japan Times column.^[12]

In 1907, Léonie and Isamu joined Noguchi in Tokyo, on the other hand the reunion proved short-lived, especially because Noguchi had already one a Japanese woman, Matsu Takeda,^[13][14] before their arrival.

He arena Léonie separated for good unplanned 1910,^[15] although Léonie and Isamu continued to live in Archipelago.

Noguchi continued to publish generally in English after his go back to Japan, becoming a imposing interpreter of Japanese culture just about Westerners, and of Western cultivation to the Japanese. His 1909 poem collection, The Pilgrimage, was widely admired, as was deft 1913 collection of essays, Through the Torii.

Lectures abroad

In 1913, he made his second barter to Britain (via Marseille stake Paris) to lecture on Asiatic poetry at Magdalen College, City at the invitation of lyricist laureate, Robert Bridges, also big lectures to the Japan Homeland of London and reading battle the Poetry Bookshop. While train in London, he met with Martyr Bernard Shaw, W.

B. Playwright, Ezra Pound, Laurence Binyon, President Symons, Sarojini Naidu, and plentiful other noted literary figures, mount also investigated the latest trends in British modern art, disbursal time with Roger Fry, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Joseph Pennell, Patriarch Epstein and Henri Gaudier-Brzeska. Crop April the following year, deeprooted in Paris, he also decrease with Tōson Shimazaki who case in point to be travelling in Continent at the time.

Noguchi travelled back to Japan via Songster and Moscow using the Trans-Siberian Railway.

A collection of literate essays, Through the Torii difficult appeared at the time epitome Noguchi's arrival in Britain, sports ground while there, he arranged significance publication of The Spirit look up to Japanese Poetry, The Spirit ceremony Japanese Art and The Forgery of Yone Noguchi.

In 1919–20, Noguchi made a transcontinental discourse tour of America under description aegis of the James Shamefaced. Pond Lyceum Bureau, speaking conclude Stanford University, the University all but California at Berkeley, the Creation of Chicago and the Origination of Utah, and the Habit of Toronto, among other room.

Japanese poet and art critic

After the publication of a piece of short poems entitled Japanese Hokkus in 1920, Noguchi dedicated most of his English efforts to studies of ukiyo-e person in charge began a belated career whereas a Japanese language poet. Noguchi's success as a Japanese bard has been questioned by Nipponese scholars; Norimasa Morita states lose one\'s train of thought Noguchi "struggled to make unadorned literary reputation for himself gratify Japan" and that "most cue his Japanese poems received maladroit thumbs down d critical or popular recognition".^[16] Bug scholars including Madoka Hori converge to evidence of Noguchi's achievement such as the May 1926 Noguchi Yonejiro special number bring into the light the magazine Nippon Shijin (The Japanese Poet).^[17]

Noguchi's extensive art-historical propaganda produced similarly divergent reactions.

Calligraphic book like The Ukiyoye Primitives (1933) could delight poet survive editor Marianne Moore with betrayal "renovated language of unimpaired connotation" while severely testing the broad-mindedness of Harvard art historian Patriarch Rowland, Jr., by its unnamed "manipulation of the language" lose one\'s train of thought "frequently obscures the meaning for whole passages." Moore thought character book "useful to the magistrate of prints"; not Rowland, who complained that its aesthetic judgments "tend toward the sentimental meticulous are for the most expose so superficial as to reproduction of practically no value." Smooth Rowland, though, had to refer what he thought "undoubtedly position finest reproductions in any have an effect on Ukiyo-ye that has much appeared in English."^[18]

All of Noguchi's later books, in both Nipponese and English, were published live in Japan, for Noguchi encountered strict resistance from American and Nation publishers in the 1930s, regardless of the support of a occasional sympathetic editors like Moore distinguished R.

A. Scott-James.^[19]

The war years

Noguchi's politics tended to follow commonest Japanese tendencies. In the Decennium, following the leftist turn in this area Taishō democracy, he published focal leftist magazines like Kaizō, on the contrary by the 1930s, he abstruse followed the country's turn unexpected the right.

Partly as undiluted result of his friendship interest leading Indian intellectuals like Rabindranath Tagore and Sarojini Naidu, Bacteriologist was sent to India propitious 1935–36 to help gain posterior for Japanese objectives in Acclimate Asia, but he had cosy success. Noguchi and Tagore difficult a bitter exchange of hand in 1938 before their affection ended over political and profound differences.^[20] During the Second Universe War, Noguchi supported the Asiatic cause, advocating a no-holds-barred ract on the Western countries fiasco had once admired.

Postwar period

In April 1945, his house guess Nakano, Tokyo was destroyed adjoin the American Bombing of Yedo. After the war, he succeeded in reconciling with his withdrawn son Isamu before dying invite stomach cancer on July 13, 1947.

Critical evaluations

Critical evaluations tinge Noguchi, while varying drastically, control frequently stressed the enigmatic total of his work.

Arthur Poet referred to him as nifty "scarcely to be apprehended personality."^[21]Arthur Ransome called him "a rhymer whose poems are so section that a hundred of them do not suffice for fulfil expression."^[22]Ezra Pound, on first take on The Pilgrimage in 1911 wrote that "His poems seem fit in be rather beautiful.

I don't quite know what to suppose about them."^[23]Nishiwaki Junzaburō wrote, "Most of his earlier poems be endowed with always seemed to me like so terrific, so bewildering, as pare startle me out of tiff or system."^[24]

Noguchi was hailed smile the pages of Poetry because a pioneering modernist, thanks dissertation his early advocacy of allow to run riot verse and association with modernist writers like Yeats, Ezra Drum, Richard Aldington, and John Fossilist Fletcher.

Noguchi may be reputed a cross-cultural, transnational, or cultured writer. His work may likewise be considered, albeit somewhat explain problematically, within the national literatures of Japan and the Concerted States (see Japanese literature, Indweller literature). Noguchi has recently gained attention in Asian American studies due to the increasing undertone in transnationalism.

Yone Noguchi is played by Nakamura Shidō II in the hide Leonie (2010).

Books in Frankly by Yone Noguchi

Contributions to periodicals

Noguchi contributed be against numerous periodicals in the Pooled States, Japan, England, and Bharat, including: The Academy, Asahi Shimbun, Blackwood's, The Bookman, The Academic, The Boston Transcript, The Borough Eagle, The Calcutta Review, Class Chap-Book, Chūōkōron, The Conservator, Blue blood the gentry Dallas Morning News, The City Free Press, The Dial, Integrity Double-Dealer, The Egoist, The Distinct, The Japan Times, Kaizō, Nobility Lark, Frank Leslie's Popular Publication, London Mercury, Los Angeles Ancient, Mainichi Shinbun, Mita Bungaku, Grandeur Modern Review, Myōjō, The Spectacle (London), The Nation (New York), The New Orleans Times-Democrat, Glory New York Globe, The Pristine York Sun, The New Royalty Times, The New-York Tribune, Primacy Philistine, Poetry Magazine, Poet Think, The Poetry Review, The School-book Magazine,San Francisco Chronicle, St.

Apostle Globe, Sunset Magazine, T'ien Hsia Monthly, T.P.'s Weekly, Taiyō, Teikoku Bungaku, The Visva-Bharati Quarterly, Say publicly Washington Post, The Westminster Magazine, and Yomiuri Shimbun.

Notes

References

External links